This article discusses the possibility of changing the formulation of an anti-icing mixture directly in a combined road machine, by integrating data from road weather stations and modernizing a universal spreader. To quickly change the recipe of the distributed mixture, using the example of a sand-salt mixture, it is proposed to use a two-hopper universal spreader with an automated control system. The recipe for the distributed anti-icing mixture is calculated depending on weather conditions. An example of LabVIEW software is given to solve the local problem of finding a current weather station.

Keywords: automation, road machine, universal spreader, de-icing materials, composition selection, control system

Results of the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Slave node design based on gate arrays 5503 series are presented in this paper. SPI is used for high-speed synchronous data transmission between control and peripheral devices. Developed chip could be applied in connection with SPI Master node for matching microcontrollers and microprocessors with different sensors, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, memory and communication units. Upon the results of the development, design approach of digital integrated circuits is proposed. The approach supposes using Russian freeware CAD "Kovcheg" ("Ark") designated for gate arrays design (IC based on prefabricated crystals, components on which are supposed to be interconnected during design to form logic devices). According to the proposed approach, behavioural descriptions of the devices, written on hardware description languages (e.g. Verilog), are used, since it is often easier to describe circuit operational principal algorithmically than construct structure from components library. The problem is that "Kovcheg" can't execute structural synthesis of the circuit from behavioural description. So it is proposed in the approach to use outside CAD environments, intended even for design of custom full-integrated circuits (like Cadence) or FPGA (like Vivado), to synthesize structural description of desired device from known behavioural ones and available process design kits (PDK) or library, appropriate for the chosen CAD. The entire design cycle using "Kovcheg" is outlined in the paper.

Keywords: gate arrays, serial peripheral interface, hardware description language, computer-aided design

This paper examines the need to use frameworks as such, as well as React, the most commonly used framework for creating the View portion of client-side web applications. Its design, the proposed approach to developing client applications, the problems it solves and creates, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as its features and limitations in application are studied.

Keywords: view frameworks, client web applications, front end, React, Reconciliation, Fiber, rendering

This research paper presents a project to create a device for complex measurement of atmospheric parameters affecting the operation of a solar cell, based on the Arduino microcontroller. The purpose of the study is to develop a device capable of measuring illumination, temperature, humidity and wind speed to assess their impact on the efficiency of solar panels. The research paper describes the necessary components for assembling the device, such as a BH1750 light sensor, a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, a Grove anemometer and an LCD display. A diagram of how to connect the components to the Arduino Uno microcontroller is provided, as well as an example of software code for collecting and displaying data. The results of the study include an analysis of the collected data to calculate the efficiency of the solar cell under various atmospheric conditions. Methods for correcting the data taking into account temperature changes and the cooling effect of the wind are considered. In conclusion, the possibilities for further improvement of the device are discussed, including anemometer calibration, integration with Internet services for remote monitoring, and adding a data storage function. The developed device can be used to optimize the operation of solar panels, as well as in research and educational projects aimed at studying the influence of external factors on the performance of solar cells.

Keywords: arduino, solar cell, atmospheric measurement, atmospheric measurement device, solar radiation energy, atmospheric parameters sensors, automated measurement, meteorological data, renewable energy, solar radiation data

The prospects for building a satellite Internet based on a low-orbit constellation of satellites (LOСS) are due to the fact that only it allows for stable and reliable communications anywhere on the planet. Therefore, the technology of satellite industrial Internet of things IIoT has become widespread in the oil and gas industry, many of whose facilities are located in the Far North. However, when using satellite low-orbit Internet (SLOEI), new threats and attacks arise against it. Among attacks on LOCS, a special place is occupied by attempts to impose unauthorized content on SLOEI subscribers. This situation can be prevented using a satellite identification system. For the effective operation of the “friend or foe” challenge-response system for LOCS, a copy-resistant authentication protocol with zero knowledge disclosure was developed. This property was achieved by reducing authentication time through the use of modular deduction class codes (MDCC). The use of parallel VDCC codes has led to a change in the method of satellite identification, which entails a revision of the principles for constructing a request-response system. Therefore, the development of a block diagram of a satellite identification system operating in the MDCC for a low-orbit satellite Internet system is relevant.

Keywords: imitation resistance, zero-knowledge authentication protocol, modular codes of residue classes, block diagram of the low-orbit satellite identification system

The above study is aimed at calculating the market value of a land plot free from development, located in the city of Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad region. The authors consider a comparative approach to the assessment of the object, its positive sides and disadvantages are indicated. The features of the implementation of the method of comparative sales and the construction of regression models are noted. The dependence of the cost of land plots on the distance from the local center in the territory of elite cottage development was revealed. Vsevolozhsk. The conclusion is formulated about the influence of a set of factorial features and the method of their accounting on the reliability and compliance of the result with the current situation in the real estate market.

Keywords: comparative approach, comparative sales method, correlation and regression analysis, real estate market, market information, price-forming factor, analogue object, real estate object, land plot, individual housing construction

The article focuses on the use of convolutional neural networks for matching product images. The importance of developing systems for products image matching is described. The analysis of image comparison methods is carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are noted. The comparison of matching products images from retailers using the ResNet neural network has been executed. Experiments and testing on datasets of products from retailers for image matching have been carried out with ResNet neural networks, the accuracy of image matching for different architectures of the ResNet neural network has been examined. Conclusions about the possibility of using the ResNet neural networks for matching product images were made.

Keywords: convolutional neural network, recognition, image, image analysis, image matching, ResNet

The subject of the study is the technical and economic characteristics of attack detection tools that affect the effectiveness of their use for the system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on critical information infrastructure facilities of the Russian Federation. An analysis of approaches to selecting the best solutions is presented, the result of which formed the basis of the proposed solution. The article contains a study of approaches to solving the problem of feasibility study of choice, formalizing the formulation of the problem and a mathematical model for solving the problem of choosing the optimal attack detection tool for implementing the corresponding tasks. The research methods used include systems analysis, modeling and peer review methods. The purpose of developing the methodology is to increase the level of validity of decision-making on choosing the best of the proposed attack detection tools. The research results presented in the article can be used to carry out a feasibility study of decisions made when choosing attack detection tools for the needs of monitoring centers of the Russian Federation. The proposed methodology for conducting competitive analysis can be used as the basis for conducting appropriate research for each means of the system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: attack detection tools, intrusion detection tools, feasibility study, competitive analysis, information security tools, decision support system, information security system, optimization, integer linear programming

The process of creating an aggregated digital twin for a physical prototype of a manipulator with a load-gripping mechanism is considered. To solve the problem of controlling the system nodes, the freely distributed software platform Robot Operating System (ROS) was used, in particular, the MoveIt packages for manipulator control, OpenCV for computer vision and RViz for visualization. A description of the physical prototype and the stages of creating a model of the robotic complex in the form of URDF files is given. The developed system creates a level of abstraction between hardware and software, which allows exploring new technological solutions in the field of automation of processes of transport and cargo systems.

Keywords: machine vision, robotics, digital twin, control system, manipulator, ROS

The paper provides a comparative analysis of additive technologies in the field of formation of electromechanical designs of functional devices. In particular, the problem of using additive technologies, their relevance in relation to modern needs in different fields of science and technology is put, the essence of additive technological processes for the production of various kinds of products is revealed and a specific design and technological approach for creating a modular product on the basis of these technologies is defined.

Keywords: additive technologies, printed circuit board, 3D printing, fused deposition modeling , selective laser sintering, stereolithography, digital light processing, direct metal laser sintering, selective laser melting, direct ink writing

The article discusses the issues related to the solution of an actual problem – the recycling of accumulations of plastic waste in the ocean. It is proposed to organize the plastic recycling process directly in the ocean on recycling vessels. At the same time, the products of mechanical processing and pyrolysis can be used to support the construction, road construction, and electric power industries of coastal developing countries in Africa and Latin America, near which the largest amount of plastic waste is concentrated. It is proposed to use both systems with artificial intelligence trained to recognize and identify plastic by shape, and systems based on spectral analysis of the composition of plastic for sorting and identification.

Keywords: plastic waste, microplastics, plastic recycling in the ocean, recycling vessel, plastic type recognition, use of recycled plastic

The article shows the relevance of solving the problem of conceptual analysis of traditional and digital educational structures integrated in the process of transformation, identification and evaluation of their effective interaction. It is proposed to use the methodology of the cognitive analysis that has already passed the stages of approbation in the subject environment of education. It is noted that the educational process includes continuously generated and continuously modified cycles of cognition of reality. Within the framework of generalized descriptions presented by models of cognition, a transition is naturally made from individualized cycles of cognition to a collective study of reality, in which models already control collective cognition, forming a cycle of cognition based on collective communication. An initial cognitive model has been developed which illustrates the situation that has developed in the modern educational system under the powerful influence of the "technocratic" point of view on digitalization. A cognitive model of collective cognition and communication in the digital environment is proposed, which systematically integrates three important parts from the point of view of transformational processes in education, namely, the traditional structure of cognition of reality, the newest structure of digital communication built in the paradigm of the collective subject of cognition, and, finally, the structure of strategic management based on the socio-cultural development of society and the country.

Keywords: Cognitive model, education, digital transformation, cognition, communication

This article discusses the features of the use of neural network detectors in the tasks of recognizing protective helmets and helmets. Nowadays, workplace safety is becoming an increasingly relevant topic, especially in industries with a high level of injuries. There are accidents caused by violations of rules and regulations at work sites, among them cases related to non-compliance with the rules of wearing protective helmets. The article examines methods and algorithms for recognizing protective helmets and helmets, and assesses their effectiveness.

Keywords: convolutional neural network, object recognition, protective helmets. helmets, SSD, YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, machine learning, deep learning, image classification

Existing methods for determining the geometry of an enclosed space using echolocation assume the presence of a large amount of additional equipment (sound sources and receivers) in the room. This paper investigates a method for determining the geometry of enclosed spaces using sound location. The method does not assume the presence of a priori knowledge about the surrounding space. One sound source and one sound receiver were used to create and capture real impulse characteristics. A microphone was used as a sound receiver and a finger snap was used as a sound source to produce the impulse response. In this work, we used convolutional neural networks that were trained on a large dataset consisting of 48000 impulse responses and a number of room geometry parameters corresponding to them. The trained convolutional neural network was tested on the recorded impulse responses of a real room and showed accuracy ranging from 92.2 to 98.7% in estimating room size from various parameters.

Keywords: convolutional neural networks, room geometry, echolocation, impulse response, robotics, recognition, contactless methods of measuring objects, sonar, geometry prediction, virtual reality

In the world of web development, there is a growing need for tools that can provide high performance for client applications. In response to this challenge, WebAssembly technology has been developed to compile various programming languages into a binary format that can be executed in web browsers. The new AssemblyScript programming language provides the ability to create high-performance WebAssembly modules using the TypeScript language syntax familiar to Web developers. This paper investigates WebAssembly and AssemblyScript, and compares the performance of AssemblyScript and JavaScript using four computational algorithms as examples. The test results demonstrate faster execution speed of AssemblyScript in most tasks, as well as more stable performance when executed in different browsers. The study highlights the relevance of using AssemblyScript to optimize computationally intensive operations in web application development.

Keywords: assemblyscript, webassembly, wasm, javascript, front end, performance, web applications

In this article we present a novel algorithm for detecting moving objects using a stationary camera, which is based on statistical background modeling using edge segments. Traditional algorithms that rely on pixel intensity struggle in dynamic environments due to their inability to handle sudden changes in lighting conditions. These algorithms also tend to produce ghosting artifacts when a sudden change occurs in the scene. To address this issue, edge-based features that are robust to intensity variations and noise have been introduced. However, existing methods that rely on individual edge pixels suffer from scattered edge pixels and cannot effectively utilize shape information. Additionally, traditional segment-based methods struggle with variations in edge shape and may miss moving edges that are close to the background edges. In contrast to conventional approaches, our proposed method constructs the background model using regular training frames that may include moving objects. Furthermore, it avoids the generation of ghosting artifacts. Additionally, our method employs an automatic adaptive threshold for each background edge distribution to facilitate matching. This enhances the robustness of our approach to changes in illumination, camera movement, and background motion. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other techniques and efficiently detects moving edges despite the aforementioned challenges.

Keywords: motion detection, edges, canny edge detector, gaussian of color, gaussian of gradient magnitude, normal distribution, adaptive thresholds, statistical map

Analyses for the current publishes show that the problem of forecast water overflowing is actual and often causing a lot health threaten and other dangerouses. This article offers computing, analysis and development the regression model of the level of Ia river. The final model correspont the real data with proper level. The final calculation means that this model could be used for real forecast for defend the people from water's overflow.

Keywords: model, simulation, river, water level, flood, emergency, forecast, statistics, monitoring, analysis, iya river, Irkutsk region

A combinatorial problem - the problem of finding the set of all formal concepts of formal concepts is considered. The computational complexity of the problem is that the number of formal concepts depends exponentially on the size of the initial formal context. in the article to solve this problem, an algorithm for fragmentation and defragmentation of the formal context is given, based on the method of decomposing the formal context into fragments. The essence of the method is that the original formal context is divided into various fragments. The fragments have different sizes and a non-empty intersection. Each fragment is subsequently considered as a formal context and can again be subject to decomposition. As a result, a finite set of fragments is formed. Then formal concepts are found in each fragment and combined to form the desired set of all formal concepts of the formal context. The method is “non-distorting”: when dividing the context into fragments, new formal concepts are not formed and the sought-for concepts are not lost. The results of computational experiments are presented, showing the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Keywords: formal concepts analisys, fragmentation algorithm, formal context, object-attribute table, combinatorial problem, the problem of finding the set of all formal concepts

In this study, an analysis of the time series was conducted using a class of shift functions for arithmetic and geometric progressions, along with their synchronization using logarithmic decrement. The closing prices of IBM company stocks were taken as the examined data for each trading day. The shift functions of geometric and arithmetic progressions revealed almost-proportions and almost-periods in the examined data. These detected patterns emphasize the importance of applying shift functions in the analysis of time series, allowing the extraction of internal patterns and periodic fluctuations that might go unnoticed with standard analysis methods. Computing the minima and corresponding values of the geometric progression enabled the identification of almost-periods in the data. These results not only confirmed visual observations but also enhanced our understanding of the internal patterns of the time series. The findings underscore the effectiveness of applying methods for analyzing time series based on almost-proportions and metric techniques. These approaches play a crucial role in uncovering hidden patterns and subtle periodicities in data, providing a fundamental foundation for more accurate analysis and successful forecasting.

Keywords: nearly-proportionalities, synchronization of geometric progression, empirical data, geometric progression, shift functions

The paper considers the problem of automatic detection of defects in the geometric parameters of steel ropes of elevator systems using computer vision methods. The features of flaw detection of moving steel ropes based on video sequences are analyzed, associated with the fragmentation of the image of some defects in adjacent frames and the variability of the geometric dimensions of the rope and the characteristics of the defect visible by the camera due to vibrations of the rope during movement. Taking into account the considered features, two algorithms have been proposed: to determine the defect of thickening/thinning of the rope diameter and the defect of undulation. The paper presents the results of experimental testing of algorithms on a special test bench and calculates the reliability indicators of defect detection by the proposed algorithms in the form of precision and recall of detection of each defect individually, as well as the average precision and recall of detection of both considered defects of geometric parameters of the rope as a whole.

Keywords: steel rope defects, instrumental control, non-contact flaw detection, computer vision

This article examines models of arithmetic devices for finite ring neural networks of the second and third orders. The arithmetic devices under study were synthesized on the basis of FPGA. Estimates of hardware costs and performance of computers for system modules of residual classes of different capacity were obtained. The structure of a finite ring neural network with dynamic connections is proposed, the efficiency of which in terms of hardware costs is observed with increasing capacity of the residue number system module. The advantage of a finite ring neural network with dynamic connections is established for modules with a capacity of 64 bits and higher.

Keywords: neural networks, residue number system, group of elliptic curve points, FPGA, multiplier, adder

This article highlights the theoretical results of analytical research in the field of the use of tethered balloons as carriers of barrier networks, which can be used as passive protection of particularly important civil and industrial facilities from unmanned aerial vehicles and other low-flying means of air attack. A diagram of an aerostatic barrier system, theoretically capable of countering air attack means, is presented. The elements of the methodology for determining the probability of damage to aircraft from cable type air barriers are presented.

Keywords: aerostatic air barrier system, unmanned aerial vehicles, tethered balloons, aerial protection of ground objects

The production of nitrogen from air using membrane gas separation processes is widely used in many industries. The problem of controlling the gas separation process is associated with multi-loop control using control of several variables. To build a model of a gas separator, a detailed analysis of the gas separation process was carried out in this work. This article proposes a fuzzy logic controller used to match pressure fluctuations and air flow of a gas separator. The performance of the proposed controller was evaluated in comparison with traditional controllers. The proposed fuzzy logic controller makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the gas separation control system and reduce the duration of transient processes.

Keywords: fuzzy logic, controller, gas separation, membrane technology, nitrogen, control system

This paper explores in detail the technological evolution and current state of question and answer (Q&A) systems. Using an example of an airline customer service task, a BERT-based model is developed that is capable of recognising user intentions and extracting named entities. The paper provides a detailed description of the dataset preparation, data analysis methods and data exploration techniques of the project. A description of the model and parameter settings during the model tuning process and the model training process is presented. The model developed in this project is named RNEEMAviCS-BERT, which achieved an intent recognition accuracy of 98.2% and named entity recognition accuracy of 83%. We have created a semantic analysis module for the question and answer system. The next stage of our work will be to integrate the dataset to complete the query-response and response generation components of the Q&A system.

Keywords: question-answering systems, ChatGPT, BERT, machine learning, neural networks, pre-trained models, intention recognition, named entity recognition, data analysis, model training

The article considers a method of automated formation of a training data set for machine learning algorithms for classification of electronic documents, which differs from the known ones by forming training data sets based on the synthesis of clustering and data augmentation methods based on calculating the distance between objects in multidimensional spaces.

Keywords: teaching with a teacher, clustering, pattern recognition, machine learning algorithm, electronic document, vectorization, formalized documents