The article deals with the features of the occurrence of hydraulic shocks in urban drainage systems. It is noted that when starting up pumping units, a hydraulic shock can occur if the operational personnel do not comply with the maintenance regulations. Significantly more likely to cause hydraulic shocks when the pump units or the unit suddenly stops. In addition, in long water pipes with a complex profile, there is a high probability of a high vacuum and, accordingly, the occurrence of breaks in the continuous flow of waste liquid. The probability of a hydraulic shock is affected by the method of starting the pumping units. Measures to prevent the occurrence of hydraulic shocks are considered: improving the reliability of external power supply; the use of a combined power supply scheme; the use of check valves with smooth closing and other methods.

Keywords: hydraulic shock, sewage system, pumping station, pressure pipelines, power supply

This article discusses the problems of high-quality performance of repair and restoration work of damaged building structures. The author suggests using one of the most promising methods of non – destructive testing in the control and rejection of restoration bricks-the ultrasonic pulse method based on the use of converters with exponential waveguides. The results of studies using this method of old and new bricks offered by the manufacturer as a replacement for the old one in the restored structure are presented. The article describes an algorithm for testing these two types of bricks to justify the applicability of ultrasonic sensors of transducers with exponential waveguides. The article draws conclusions about the prospects of using ultrasonic transducers with exponential waveguides in the quality control of restoration stone materials based on sufficient accuracy, speed of research, as well as their final cost.

Keywords: restoration, reconstruction, restoration of building structures, brickwork, ultrasonic pulse method, exponential converters, non-destructive method, product quality control

The article describes the technical condition of the building. Conclusions are presented on the influence of hydrogeological conditions changing over time on the nature of developing deformation processes. The main anti-accident measures are proposed to exclude further failure of structural elements. And the conclusions of the preliminary survey are presented, with recommendations for effective measures to eliminate the accident rate of the building.

Keywords: monument, flooding, soaking, deformations, processes, cracks, erosion of brickwork, monitoring, engineering program

When designing joints for flooring with supporting structures of roofs and floors in the form of carbon fiber strips, one of the main tasks is to determine the load acting on the joint. The article discusses the results of the calculated determination of the forces in the elements of the connection of metal beams with the flooring, depending on the value of the initial curvature as standard and over-standard. The research results can be used to design the fastening of steel decks to the load-bearing steel elements of coatings and floors made of composite materials.

Keywords: carbon fiber composite, composite materials, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), strengthening, initial deflection, metallic structures, reconstruction, structural connections, loads and actions

In the process of designing buildings and structures – capital construction objects, all the necessary surveys are carried out on the construction site, regulated by the current regulatory documents. An important role in choosing the type of foundations is played by the results of the performed engineering and geological surveys. The heterogeneity of engineering and geological strata, even within one specific site, can force designers to reflect in design decisions different ways of laying foundations for the same loads and number of floors of residential buildings, including standard series. Performing calculations in modern software systems perfectly solves design problems. Based on the results of the calculations, it is possible to optimally select the material and cross-section of the main load-bearing structures, taking into account the requirements of operational reliability and durability. However, during the construction process, there may be factors that are not taken into account during the design, which can have a negative impact on the load-bearing capacity and subsequent operation of the object. One of these factors may be a sudden deterioration in the physical and mechanical properties of the soil base, caused by both objective and subjective reasons. At the same time, the construction of the object is carried out above the zero cycle, the foundations and part of the floors have already been completed. The article provides examples of technical solutions to prevent the roll of a multi-storey building under construction, caused by an unplanned deterioration of the properties of the foundation soil, in the area of D. Ostrovtsy of the Ramenskoye city district of the Moscow Region. The results of the work are given and analyzed. The causes of negative processes are investigated. The results of the study can be useful in the design and subsequent construction of modern buildings in similar conditions.

Keywords: foundation, ground, foundation, sediment, roll, monitoring, construction

The article presents a comparison of architectural and planning solutions of social housing in the USSR, modern Russia and abroad. The socio-economic prerequisites of mass development in our country in different years are briefly considered. General disadvantages of design solutions of old and modern houses are analyzed, such as lack of unique architecture, small variety of layouts and insufficient area of apartments. The purpose of the article is to identify the shortcomings of typical development in domestic construction and to search for redevelopment directions to increase the comfort of small-sized housing, taking into account the individual preferences of residents. The article presents the main possibilities of improving the comfort of inexpensive residential premises. Several areas of redevelopment of small-sized apartments are offered, such as expanding the useful area by changing the purpose of small-used passage zones, redistributing the area by highlighting various functional zones, applying a circular layout and the effects of visual volume increase.Possibilities to increase comfort of small area housing are described: expansion of useful area by transformation of underutilized zones, redistribution of area with allocation of separate functional zones, use of circular layout. In the future, it is proposed to expand the range of unique architectural and planning solutions in modern construction.

Keywords: apartment, small area, redevelopment, housing improvement, planning solution, functional zone, comfort, social housing, affordable housing

The article presents the parameters of the operation of water-jet elevator units, which are widely used in heat supply systems. A new design of a water-jet elevator unit with a pulsed heat transfer medium, adjustable depending on the outside air temperature without using a mixing pump, is proposed. A description of the design and principle of operation of a water-jet elevator unit with a pulsed heat carrier suspension is given. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technical solution, laboratory hydraulic tests of the.

Keywords: Elevator, weather control, heating system, controller, pump, valve, sensor, temperature, heat energy, tariff

Space grid structures are widely used for covering large-span public and industrial buildings and allow for a wide variety of structural and architectural forms. The article presents and solves the problem of finding a design solution for a space grid coating structure of minimum mass for a given steel class, element cross-section type, and loading conditions. The location of the supports is considered as a variable parameter, which leads to a different stress-strain state of the structure, and, accordingly, different cross-sections of the supporting elements.The change in the stress-strain state of the roof space structure when changing the location of the supports was studied. In total, 10 options for the arrangement of supports of a space structure with a size of 24x24 m and 7 options for a space structure with a size of 30x30 m were considered. After the load was applied, the VAT of the structure was determined numerically, the cross-section of the elements was selected and their mass was calculated. Then a comparison of the various options for supporting by the weight of the structure was made. In the article, the optimization problem was solved according to the optimality criterion of metal consumption, restrictions in the form of overall dimensions, topology and strength conditions.

Keywords: space grid structures, optimization, metal consumption, control parameter

In connection with the increase in production activity in the winter and in remote areas, in regions close to the regions of the Far North, the use of new building materials is required. One of the most common building materials is concrete. This article describes an experimental study of the concrete substitute "HILST" for compliance with the manufacturer's declared characteristics: the ability to mix, hardening at room temperature and under adverse conditions.

Keywords: building materials, concrete, concrete substitute, HILST, mixing, experiment, adhesion, building chemistry, hydrophobicity, foundation

Currently, urbanization causes an increase in urban density and creates new opportunities for the socio-economic development of society. However, urban development changes the natural relief: it increases the roughness of the underlying surface (for example, it forms basins against the background of a flat relief), it includes many vertical surfaces, and creates rugged terrain. It results in the formation of urban heat and dry islands; it changes the precipitation rate,their frequency and intensity. Thermal conditions of cities are varied within the city itself, and the study of diversification of the intra-urban microclimate is of extreme importance for well-being of citizens and assessing the real energy demand of buildings. This requires new approached to modeling the urban microclimate, since the a set of different factors influence its changes and developement.

Keywords: urban microclimate, urban density, environment, solar radiation, aeration regime, thermal conditions, urban heat island, wind speed, building, urbanization

The article presents an assessment of dust collection equipment in terms of technological, economic, and operational characteristics. The criteria for this assessment and methods for calculating indicators that characterize the effectiveness of its use in the reconstruction of buildings carried out in cramped conditions of urban development are determined. The development of design solutions for the reconstruction of objects should not reduce the level of safety of builders and personnel of the reconstruction object, as well as cause damage to the environment, in particular, air pollution with dust particles from construction processes. The introduction of cost-effective means of combating atmospheric air pollution in design solutions, as well as the effective organization of construction production, which reduces the environmental burden on the territory, will allow the contractor to increase its competitive advantage when participating in tenders and determining the contract price for the reconstruction of buildings. The choice of cost-effective protective measures will save costs, subsequently determining the profit from the reconstruction of the building. The economic calculation given in the article allows you to determine the amount of operating costs in each individual case, and make a rational choice from the economic point of view of purchasing and using equipment in the course of work.

Keywords: environmental safety, environmental monitoring, atmospheric air protection, ecology in construction, dust suppression, feasibility study, dust collection systems, labor protection in construction

A study of the operation of the water heating system of the Naryshkin bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress was carried out. The results of measurements of temperature and relative humidity of indoor air are presented. Based on the research results, a three-dimensional model of room No. 3 of the Naryshkin Bastion was built, which was used in numerical modeling using the STAR-CCM + hydrodynamic computer complex. Recommendations for improving the heat and humidity regime are given, prospects for further research of the object are identified.

Keywords: object of historical and architectural heritage, microclimate parameters, water heating system, thermal regime, STAR-CCM +

The article discusses the concept of green building, its basic principles, assessment methods. The technologies used in green building are presented. The technologies for collecting rainwater, using solar energy and improving energy efficiency through the use of recuperators, their types and principles of operation, applicable to homes for the disabled and the elderly are considered.

Keywords: green building, construction, eco-friendly construction, green technologies, energy efficiency, ecological environment

The article is devoted to the issue of effective design solutions for shallow foundations. Options for optimizing standard designs of strip and columnar foundations are considered. A new configuration of the foundation with a stepped sole is proposed, which has a greater bearing capacity and less resource intensity. This effect is achieved due to a more uniform distribution of contact stresses along the base of the foundation and the accumulation of significant lateral friction. Due to the cross-sectional shape of such foundations, the volume of excavation and formwork is significantly reduced.

Keywords: foundation, construction, shallow foundation, strip foundation, column foundation, modified geometry, non-planar footing, soil mechanics, construction efficiency

The results of simulation of stabilization of landslide slope by method of finite elements are considered in the article. The slope stabilization system includes retaining reinforced concrete structures (newly erected and reconstructed) with an anchor support of the TITAN system.

Keywords: landslide, landslide slope, landslide circus, retaining structures, anchor support, anchor, mathematical modeling, geomechanical modeling, finite element method

The analysis of the results of large-scale experimental studies carried out at the Department of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures of DSTU is presented. It is aimed at determining the possibility of effective implementation of new composite materials in construction. This article deals with the issues of strength and stiffness of bending reinforced concrete elements with internal working reinforcement made of composite materials, or reinforced with external glass and carbon fiber reinforcement. The possibility of using coal and fiberglass working reinforcement for conventional bending elements in which the value of the maximum permissible deflections is not decisive has been established. The high efficiency of external reinforcement when reinforcing reinforced concrete structures with composite materials has also been proven.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, composite materials, reinforcement, concrete, strength, deformability

Analysis and comparison of Russian and European standards for mechanical strength of windows, such as resistance to racking and static torsion, are provided. Classification of mechanical properties of windows according to EN 13115:2020, normative characteristics of resistance to static loads according to GOST 23166-99 and recommendations of Quality Assurance Association for Windows and Doors (Germany) are compared. Russian requirements for resistance to racking are higher than 4th class, but for resistance to static torsion are lower than 2nd class of EN 13115, while 3rd class is recommended as minimum by German RAL-Association. Analysis of methodology for mechanical tests in accordance with GOST 24033-2018 and GOST 24033-80 is done. Concluded that refinement of methodology and criteria for determining test results with taking into account the provisions of European standards is necessary, as well as conduction of further research in the field of influence of mechanical strength of windows on other qualities, such as air permeability.

Keywords: window, translucent structure, enclosing structure, standardization, standard, mechanical strength, racking, static torsion

In modern construction, the task of improving the energy efficiency of urban-type buildings is becoming increasingly important, since urbanization increases the volume of energy consumption. When solving issues of energy efficiency of high-rise buildings, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the location of the object, orientation to the cardinal points, functional purpose, volumetric-spatial and engineering solutions to save energy, reduce heat loss and create comfortable conditions inside buildings and in the local area ... In part, these problems can be solved by optimizing the geometric, technical, including the heat engineering parameters of the building envelope, paying attention to the fact that their characteristics must be changed depending on specific climatic factors. The article analyzes several high-rise buildings in the city of Moscow. As an example, calculations have been performed and graphs of temperature and wind speed changes along the height of one of the buildings are presented. An increase in wind speed and a decrease in temperature create special conditions that affect the heat loss of high-rise buildings, which must be taken into account when thermal protection of external enclosing structures.

Keywords: wind, buildings, structures, landscaping, space, climate, region, analysis, landscape, aeration, ecology

The use of adhesive joints for reinforcing elements of steel structures is discussed. Adhesive joints provide the least costly way of joining elements of any material without disturbing their structure. Of particular interest is the reinforcement of structures in stretched zones using high-strength fibers such as glass and carbon fibers, as well as polymers reinforced with them. The main problem in this case lies in the peculiarities of the distribution of shear forces along the length of the adhesive layer. The article discusses a way to solve this issue.

Keywords: adhesive bond, adhesive layer, shear strength, analytical solution, finite element method, high strength fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber

Recently, the issues of improving the environmental situation in the urban environment have become more relevant than ever. "Green architecture" gets popularity not only in Russia but over the world as well. The necessity of this type of architecture causes the need to improve air quality and environmental factors of urban conditions. Most often, greening the roof of a building or greening the facades is used for ecologization, so-called the element of wall greening and also greening of vertical surfaces of buildings (phyto facade).

Keywords: green architecture, vertical greening, green wall, waving plants, green screens, phyto facades

Assessment of flexural strength is important in the design of steel beams. In this paper, analytical studies have been carried out to determine the flexural strength of conventional steel I-beams and steel corrugated beams. An experimental program was analyzed for four beams with a simple support and different web configurations (flat or corrugated) and different flange thicknesses (thin or thick). In the course of experimental work, the effect of a decrease in the bending capacity of a beam due to a corrugated web was determined. To simulate the tested samples and check the results of the experimental part of the work, a nonlinear finite element technique was used. After receiving the results, the following conclusions were made. First, the bending capacity of the corrugated steel beam is less than that of the conventional steel I-beam, in the range of 10 to 20%. Second, the flexure of the flat-web steel beam showed local buckling of the flange followed by local buckling of the web, in contrast to the steel girder with a corrugated web, which previously showed only local buckling of the flange. And third, the finite element model can simulate the behavior of steel beams, especially in the elastic stage, with an acceptable degree of accuracy.

Keywords: steel beam design, flexural strength, corrugated web, flange thickness, bending capacity, finite element technique, web configuration

Southern cities with hot and calm climate conditions, located on difficult terrain due to the lack of sufficient aeration, are in an extreme ecological situation. Urban construction on difficult terrain affects the established local microclimate by changing the structure of the environment and hydrogeological conditions. In addition, the development of urban space and the construction of modern multi-storey buildings significantly affect the aerodynamics of the environment and ecology. In the article, on the basis of the analysis of the climatic parameters of the cities of Sochi, Makhachkala and field observations, the conditions under which the local air circulation is formed, contributing to the improvement of the ecological situation, are revealed. Models of the formation of aeration of urban space for different types of landscaping have been constructed The analysis performed will make it possible to correctly assess the factors influencing the formation of aeration of thermal origin and their role in improving the ecology of cities with hot and calm climate conditions.

Keywords: wind, buildings, structures, landscaping, space, climate, region, analysis, landscape, aeration, ecology

The parameters of the mixers widely used in the practice of water treatment are given. A fundamentally new design of the mixing unit is proposed, which provides a process of rapid and complete mixing of reagents in a thin layer of a rotating flow of a pre-created water-air mixture using the method of concentrated coagulation. At the same time dispersion of air bubbles is carried out. A detailed description of the design, operating principle and basic design parameters of the mixer used in the mixing unit.

Keywords: natural water, coagulant, mixer, concentrated coagulation, aeration, velocity gradient, rotational motion

The article considers the trends in the development of coastal management in the United States, great Britain and Australia, and analyzes the current situation of the coastal zone of Volgograd. Recommendations are offered based on the experience of foreign countries.

Keywords: coastal zone, management program, coastline, waterfront area environment, sustainable planning, design approach, architectural environment, waterfront

The water recreation industry is actively developing. An individual pool at home is also not uncommon for a long time, because everyone wants to live in comfortable conditions. Modern country houses place the pool on the ground floor of the premises on the plot next to the house. Despite the financial costs and time for maintenance, the health benefits of the pool, as well as the variety of leisure activities through taking water procedures or playing with children, are a very powerful argument in order to arrange a pool at home.The number of pools is increasing and the number of pools built with defects is also increasing. it may be because use low-quality construction materials and reduce their volumes, perform work by unskilled employees, violate the requirements of construction documents of the project. therefore it is necessary to carry out construction and technical examination.

Keywords: construction, swimming pool, construction and technical expertise, regulatory documentation, defects