The relevance of this study is due to the need to ensure the reliability and correction of data received from digital devices. Measurement errors can lead to serious consequences, including loss of resources, unreliable scientific data, and security risks. Therefore, it is important to analyze effective methods that help optimize calibration processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing methods of calibration and verification of the accuracy of digital measuring instruments, as well as their impact on measurement results in various operating conditions. The research methods include a theoretical review and analysis of current scientific papers aimed at identifying recommendations for improving the reliability and accuracy of instrument readings. Special attention is paid to the introduction of modern technologies that contribute to improving the quality of measurements. The study provides an overview of modern methods of calibration and verification of the accuracy of digital measuring instruments. Such approaches as simulation modeling, self-calibration, application of software systems and automation of operations in the verification process are considered. The influence of various factors, including operating conditions and the environment, on the measurement results is also analyzed. As a result, it was revealed that automation of verification significantly reduces the influence of the human factor and improves accuracy. The introduction of modern technologies and quality management systems is key to achieving high standards in the field of measurement. A systematic approach to quality management, including consideration of external conditions, is necessary to increase the accuracy and confidence in measurement results.

Keywords: digital measuring instruments, calibration, accuracy verification, verification, operating conditions, measurement reliability, instrument readings, error

The paper provides a brief overview of publications on the application of mathematical modeling methods in the study of the patterns of functioning of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). In particular, the following are considered: mathematical models of the total minimum water consumption for a cascade hydropower system in China; a mathematical model of hydropower plants; a mathematical model of two small hydroelectric power plants operating in tandem; accurate modeling of hydraulic transient characteristics in a complex drainage system. The task of filling in the gaps in the data concerning the operation of hydroelectric power plants is formulated. The approach to its solution is proposed to be based on the use of the method described in previous publications by one of the authors and based on the use of regression analysis apparatus. The specific task of filling in data gaps for a hydroelectric unit of one of the Siberian hydroelectric power plants has been solved. The following factors are used: active and reactive power of the electric generator, voltage, current and temperature of the stator iron, rotor current, air cooler hot air temperature.

Keywords: hydroelectric power plant, electric generator, data gaps, predictive analytics, regression model, adequacy criteria

When operating gas distribution systems, the process of releasing various gases into the atmosphere is inevitable, negatively affecting the environment and creating a greenhouse effect. These gases can be either products of combustion of gaseous fuel or the result of natural gas leaks from gas pipelines and equipment. The main articles of gas leaks from gas pipelines and ways to minimize the negative impact on the environment are given.

Keywords: gas distribution system, greenhouse effect, gas combustion, methane, flanged and threaded connections, leaks, safety relief valve

The article considers the requirements of regulatory documents to ensure fire safety during construction and operation of gas distribution pipelines in Russia and China. The different approach to fire risk reduction in the two countries is revealed: more specific and stringent requirements in China and general requirements related to fire hazardous facilities in Russia.

Keywords: fire risks, fire regulations, natural gas combustion, causes of natural gas fires, natural gas transportation, fire safety

The article discusses the issues of modernization of the automated system for filling petroleum products (ASN). The complexity of maintenance of the automated control system due to the lack of up-to-date documentation and updated software, as well as periodic failures and high cost of spare parts became the main reasons for the implementation of modernization. Automatic control systems based on the law of proportional-integral-differential regulation have been developed: using a shut-off control valve with a positional actuator or a frequency converter to control the ACN. Mathematical models of the automatic control system have been developed in the MATLAB program using the Simulink library. An experimental model of a pumping station was assembled in laboratory conditions, and simulation modeling of the operation of an automated control system for a discharge and filling station was carried out. According to the results of experimental studies on the direct characteristics of assessing the quality of the transient process, the graph of a circuit with a frequency converter demonstrates the best results.

Keywords: automated pumping station, petroleum products, mathematical models, PID controller

Occupational safety is one of the important aspects of the organization of work in production. Domestic machines and units used in the food industry do not yet allow to exclude the impact of harmful and dangerous production factors, to make the work of employees safe. In this context, it is important to study active and passive methods of noise and vibration suppression, their effectiveness in ensuring normalized working conditions of workers on the example of a specific production. Existing research, as a rule, focuses on one criterion when choosing protection methods. However, an integrated approach is advisable in solving this problem. The purpose of this study was to choose a rational method of protecting personnel from the effects of noise and vibration based on the economic justification of effective technical solutions. The obtained research results make it possible to take into account the criteria for evaluating the validity and acceptability of choosing a particular protection method, including from the standpoint of technical and economic calculation, when designing a security system. The above study showed the expediency of import substitution in the food and beverage industry, as well as the correlation between the introduced protection systems and an increase in the level of safety. The given algorithm of the feasibility study has the properties of scale and generality. It can be successfully implemented when choosing methods of protection from the effects of other harmful production factors found in various industries.

Keywords: acoustic factor, protection methods, active and passive methods, economic justification, sound pressure levels, experimental data

Asphalt concrete mixes are the primary construction material for road surfaces, and precise design of their composition plays a key role in the quality and durability of road pavements. This article discusses the challenges associated with designing asphalt concrete mix compositions and presents a developed system for automatic mix selection. The automatic asphalt concrete mix composition selection system is a powerful tool for optimizing the material selection process used in road construction. This system can calculate the optimal mix composition, taking into account technical and economic constraints, leading to increased accuracy and reliability in mix selection. The advantages of this system include reducing the time and cost of the selection process, enabling testing and analysis of various mix options, ultimately improving the quality and durability of road pavements.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete mix, composition selection, least squares method, linear programming method, software, automation, Python, Microsoft Access

The article presents a way to increase the load-bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete column due to metal clips from the corners with an increase in the load on it. To ensure the joint operation of the existing column and the metal cage, the corners are subjected to prestressing, which is achieved by compressing the corners with jacks.

Keywords: reinforced concrete column, column reinforcement, metal cage, prestressing of the cage

The article gives an insight into the traditional passive cooling techniques utilized in Mediterranean and hot climate regions, showcasing the effectiveness of natural ventilation and central patios in improving indoor thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption. The integration of these traditional design elements with modern technologies is crucial for creating environmentally friendly and culturally significant architectural solutions for the future. The discussion then transitions to the importance of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in modern building design, highlighting the use of Ansys Fluent software for modeling natural ventilation in a residential apartment in Yemen. The article emphasizes the need for engineering and architectural solutions to achieve high performance in energy efficiency and environmental safety in contemporary construction practices.

Keywords: natural ventilation, Yemeni houses, Spalart-Allmaras model, civil engineering, Ansys Fluent

In order to negate the loss of strength, that can lead to collapse of constructions, we should take measures to prevent cracking. Every crack emersion in reinforced concrete indicates that the accumulated stress has been released in this area of the structure. The cause of cracks are internal tensile stresses that can occur due to internal processes in the element and from external loads on the structure. It is possible to eliminate cracks that have already appeared with the help of repair compounds that fill the volume of cracks in various ways. Injection, as one of the solutions, will help to maintain the strength and durability of the structure.

Keywords: cracking, concrete, reinforced concrete slab, crack, defect, deformation, strength, soil, repair compound, foundation, foundation slab, injection

The prospects for building a satellite Internet based on a low-orbit constellation of satellites (LOСS) are due to the fact that only it allows for stable and reliable communications anywhere on the planet. Therefore, the technology of satellite industrial Internet of things IIoT has become widespread in the oil and gas industry, many of whose facilities are located in the Far North. However, when using satellite low-orbit Internet (SLOEI), new threats and attacks arise against it. Among attacks on LOCS, a special place is occupied by attempts to impose unauthorized content on SLOEI subscribers. This situation can be prevented using a satellite identification system. For the effective operation of the “friend or foe” challenge-response system for LOCS, a copy-resistant authentication protocol with zero knowledge disclosure was developed. This property was achieved by reducing authentication time through the use of modular deduction class codes (MDCC). The use of parallel VDCC codes has led to a change in the method of satellite identification, which entails a revision of the principles for constructing a request-response system. Therefore, the development of a block diagram of a satellite identification system operating in the MDCC for a low-orbit satellite Internet system is relevant.

Keywords: imitation resistance, zero-knowledge authentication protocol, modular codes of residue classes, block diagram of the low-orbit satellite identification system

The article is devoted to the issues of new construction of Orthodox temple facilities and complexes. This process is considered on the example of the St. Petersburg experience of carrying out work on the revival of the spiritual heritage of the city. The construction of new churches challenges architects to choose between the established canons of church construction adopted in the past and the realization of their creative and spiritual priorities, as well as a stylistic response to the task. This allows us to state the various decisions of the temples, despite their common canonical context. The purpose of the article is to study the stylistic trends of the new church architecture: their correspondence to the context of the selected location, the surrounding development.

Keywords: St. Petersburg, Orthodox temple architecture, history of church construction, objects of religious architecture, architecture, shaping, new construction of temples, stylistic solutions

The use of closed methods for laying underground polyethylene gas pipelines using horizontal directional and directional drilling methods when crossing artificial and natural obstacles is considered. The results of calculating the geometric parameters of the working and receiving pits when laying polyethylene gas pipelines using a closed method using horizontal directional drilling are presented.

Keywords: polyethylene gas pipeline, closed installation method, horizontal directional drilling, directional drilling, dimensions of working and receiving pits

The article is devoted to the study of flange beam to column connections to analyze their nonlinear behavior. In the course of the study, a simplified analytical model was created using the method of variable elasticity parameters to determine the stress-strain state of these connections. The proposed mechanical model makes it possible to predict the strength, stiffness, ductility of joints, as well as possible types of fracture and deformation mechanisms of the bent elements of flange joints. This model can be useful for engineers and specialists in the field of design and analysis of civil structures. The proposed refined component model is an analogue of the Eurocode 3 model. The paper presents a numerical experiment on modeling the junction of a beam with a column by the finite element method. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with the results of tests of flange connections of steel building structures performed by the University of Sydney (USYD) is presented.

Keywords: flange connections, flange plate, stress-strain state, method of variable elasticity parameters, component method, refined component model, finite element method, elastic-plastic state, plastic hinge, modified stiffness, bending model of flange plate

Frequency multiplexing (OFDM) methods have become the main basis for most outbred systems. These methods have also found application in modern systems of low-orbit satellite Internet (LOSIS). For example, the StarLink system uses OFDM transmission systems that use a signal frame consisting of 52 channels to transmit data. One way to increase the data rate in OFDM is to replace the Fourier transform (FT) with a faster orthogonal transform. As such, the modified wavelet transform (MWT) of Haar was chosen. The Haar MVP allows to reduce the number of arithmetic operations during the orthogonal signal transformation in comparison with the PF. The use of integer algebraic systems, such as Galois fields and modular residue class codes (MCCR), makes it possible to increase the speed of a computing device that performs orthogonal transformations of signals. Obviously, the transition to new algebraic systems should lead to changes in the structure of OFDM systems. Therefore, the development of structural models of an OFDM transmission system using the Haar MWP in the Galois field and the ICCM is an urgent task. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop structural models of wireless OFDM systems using a modified integer discrete Haar transform, which can reduce the execution time of the orthogonal signal transformation. And this, in turn, will lead to an increase in the data transfer rate in the SNSI.

Keywords: orthogonal frequency multiplexing, modification of the Haar wavelet transform, structural models of execution of the Haar MVP, Galois field, modular residue class codes