This article is devoted to emergence and development of cinema on Don Region. Attention paid on the first picture theatres in Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and Novocherkassk and their technical equipment (bioscope, biofonograf, teatrograf cosmography, vivantograf, fonohromoskopograf). In this research submitted the first main films and reaction of society and governance on them. As special aspects of cinema industry development viewed problems of professional cinema community and main tendencies of that sphere of cultural life 

Keywords: cinematograph,еlektrobiograf, technology, cinema, picture palace,full-length film, a silent movie, spirituality, development trends