The article is devoted to innovative approaches to the use of environmentally safe polymer binders in the production of thermal insulation materials (TIM) based on vegetable raw materials. The relevance of the work is due to the need to replace traditional synthetic polymers such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, and mineral wool, which in the process of operation emit toxic substances with cumulative properties. Research shows that the use of biopolymers and renewable resources, such as castor oil-based polyurethane resins and casein adhesives, can significantly reduce environmental burdens and improve material safety. Special attention is given to thermoplastic and thermoset matrices, their properties, and applications in composite materials. Thermoplastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene have high impact resistance and recyclability but are limited in application due to the difficulty of processing and high melting point. Thermoset matrices, despite their high strength and resistance to chemical attack, are molded only once, making them difficult to recycle. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different polymer binders and their prospects in the context of environmental sustainability and the efficiency of thermal insulation materials. The research is aimed at improving the physical and mechanical properties of composites and optimizing production processes to create affordable and environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials.

Keywords: innovative approaches, environmentally safe polymers, thermal insulation materials (TIM), plant raw materials, biopolymers, renewable resources, thermoplastics, thermosetting matrices, environmental sustainability, physical and mechanical properties