The issue of using the screen of an aircraft's collimator system as a means of providing a help to the pilot about the vertical profile of the flight path in poor visibility conditions at low and extremely low piloting altitudes is being considered.

Keywords: low flight altitude, extremely low flight altitude, threat of collision, collimator, virtual elevation map, virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, data fusion, pilot assistance system

The article examines the epoch-making buildings of the city of Nalchik, which include the educational campus (LUG) and Stalin's dacha. The work provides historical information on these objects, architectural, artistic and planning solutions, their significance for the city. The main purpose of epoch-making buildings, according to the authors, is to preserve these objects for citizens and residents of the republic, as the historical and cultural heritage of the people, which must be recreated for future generations and preserve the recognizable unique image of the city.

Keywords: architecture, epoch-making buildings, facade, plan, building, school, Stalin's Dacha, Dacha N5, bay window, gazebo, brick, brick-wooden house

Issues of the quality of university spaces have not been fully studied at present. Rapid transformations and the growing role of universities in city life require a serious scientific approach to organizing the environment of university campuses. This article examines the artistic and semiotic properties of façade architecture and spatial environments identified by various researchers. Based on the theoretical analysis performed, the aesthetic and informative qualities that are most important for organizing the image of a university campus are formulated. As an example of the practical use of the identified qualities, a developed design solution for one of the buildings of Volgograd State Technical University is presented.

Keywords: university campus, aesthetics of the university environment, informative qualities of facades, reconstruction of educational buildings, architectural semiotics

The main defects of railway structures are identified, the damage of defects is characterized by the degree of influence based on the quality indicators of building structures, a mathematical model for assessing risk and damage is created, expert surveys are conducted on the nature of the conditions for the probability of defects and bringing them to damage, an algorithm for implementing the results on the construction site is presented.

Keywords: risk assessment, probability conditions, concrete works, risk-oriented approach, risk identification

In the conditions of dense urban development, the lack of parking spaces becomes a serious problem that requires a comprehensive approach to solve. It is the construction of new multi-level car parks that makes it possible to increase the number of parking spaces in a limited space. The foundation plays a critical role in the construction of multi-level car parks, as it must ensure the stability and safety of the entire structure. There are many aspects to consider when designing and constructing the foundation that help ensure the reliability and durability of the multi-level car park, which is especially important to prevent potential problems and accidents in the future. The article discusses in detail the technology of laying a pile-based foundation for the construction of a multi-storey car park located in Moscow.

Keywords: multi-level car park, rostver foundation, geodetic control, reinforced concrete beams, excavation pit

The article deals with a unique historical structure of Karachay-Cherkessia, the Adiyukh Tower, which several centuries ago was surrounded by an inaccessible wall of the settlement of the same name. In the article, in connection with the history of the construction of the tower, the era is analyzed, and the importance of this building in the life of the population living in the surrounding area is determined. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the historical monuments of Karachay-Cherkessia remained unstudied until a certain time, although they certainly reflected the life and culture of the people. Reconstructing the past by excavating and studying the ruins left behind by external destruction and located in the North Caucasus has long been a priority for many local (and not only) scholars, particularly archaeologists and historians. The main result of the research was a detailed description of the structural and cultural features of the Adiyukh Tower, which is naturally one of the most important values of the history and culture of Karachay-Cherkessia.

Keywords: Adiyukh tower, Karachay-Cherkessia, legend, North Caucasus, settlement, architectural structure, fortress, loophole, window openings, parapet

In the development of cloud providers, not only the types of services they provide play a significant role, but also fault tolerance to service failures. It is important for a cloud service provider to prepare and configure the server and service for fault-tolerant operation so that the customer works with a high degree of readiness and reliability in the system allocated to him. To prepare such a server, it is very important to think carefully about the architecture of the virtual machine, on which all the necessary means of data exchange and integration for the operation of the service will be installed, and protection against network threats that can disrupt the server's performance will be configured. The purpose of the work is to create a virtual machine architecture protected from network threats, which provides customers with access to the iTOP CMDB system. Despite the fact that there can be any number of customers, the iTOP CMDB system should be provided to each customer with its own version, which he can administer. The user can log in using an Internet browser by entering the name of his organization as a domain. The authors present a demonstration of the iTOP CMDB system, which is located on a virtual machine protected from network threats.

Keywords: virtual machine, architecture, firewall, iTOP CMDB system, server, network threat, network attack, IP address, firewall, request

The purpose of this study is to present the forestry complex development scenarios of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. Based on the use of factor analysis and cluster analysis, 27 central foresters of the study region were divided into 9 clusters according to 20 indicators. The selected indicators took into account the characteristics of wood resources, natural-production conditions and road infrastructure. Based on cluster profiles, as well as on topographical, climatic, soil map and vegetation maps, scenarios for the development of the study region forestry complex in the context of the resulting clusters. The results of the study showed that as they move from south to north, a gradual impoverishment of wood resources occurs. The efforts of the state and business should be aimed at resolving issues of road infrastructure, involving deciduous, small, energy wood in production circulation. Given the natural and production conditions, which are largely determined by the moist forest soils and the extreme vulnerability of the northern ecosystems, in the process of logging, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the minimization of the negative impact of logging operations on the soil cover.

Keywords: zoning, forest industry, factor analysis, cluster analysis, k-means cluster analysis, logging, forest management

The article examines the influence of various superplasticizers on the performance characteristics of concrete. A series of tests of samples-beams of fine-grained concrete modified with plasticizers of various types was carried out. The optimal amount of the introduced additive was experimentally determined to compare the plasticizing effect of the cement-sand mixture. Experimental data are given indicating the main operational characteristics of the material depending on the additive used. The most effective additive "Polyplast SP-3" has been determined.

Keywords: concrete, fine-grained concrete, mixture, lignosulfonates, polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonates, plasticizer, superplasticizer, water demand, plasticity

The paper presents the results of a study, the purpose of which was to automate the process of designing ventilation for a residential construction project. The ventilation system is one of the most complex life support systems of a building, which has a significant impact on the level of comfort of residents. Automation of the design of such a system will reduce the number of errors, reduce the time and labor required for design. During the study, the design process was considered as a business process consisting of individual works. When modeling this process in the “As Is” notation, the connection of the ventilation system with other engineering systems and a number of other important factors were taken into account. In the process model, the most time-consuming and, at the same time, algorithmizable works were identified. Subsequently, these works were automated using code created in the Visual Studio environment in C#. This made it possible to reduce the number of errors and reduce the time spent on creating a ventilation system project.

Keywords: automation, design, ventilation system, business process, Visual Studio

The paper analyzes and shows the inadequacy of the technology for repairing production wells by rolling out a corrugated metal patch with a dornating device, which consists in premature violation of the tightness of the well due to low strength of the connection. A technology and a hydromechanical device for additional fastening by radial extrusion of spherical cavities in the metal of the plaster are proposed. As a result, a drag force is generated in the cross-section of the fastener, which prevents shear loads from axial forces. Strength calculations have shown that for better performance of the metal patch, it is advisable to increase the shear resistance force by increasing the number of punches or technological transitions of fastening.

Keywords: casing, production string, well tightness, metal plaster, radial extrusion, strength

This article discusses the use of universal adversarial as well as to improve the effectiveness of protection systems against robots and spam. In particular, the key features that need to be taken into account to ensure an optimal level of protection against robots and spam are considered. It is also discussed why modern methods of protection are ineffective, and how the use of universal adversarial attacks can help eliminate existing shortcomings. The purpose of this article is to propose new approaches and methods of protection that can improve the effectiveness and stability of protection systems against robots and spam.

Keywords: machine learning, clustering, data recognition, library Nanonets, library Tesseract

In this paper, the possibility of applying graph neural networks (NN) to study the structure of copper centers of zeolites is considered. The dataset used for NN training was prepared using the FDMNES software based on the finite difference method and included more than 2100 Cu K-XANES spectra for Cu-MOR. The performed study demonstrated the capability of graph neural networks to reproduce the Cu K-XANES spectrum corresponding to a particular model of the copper center in the zeolite framework.

Keywords: zeolite, mordenite, atomic structure, XANES, machine learning, graph neural networks

The article discusses correlation methods of image identification. An algorithm of the "rare grid" method has been developed.

Keywords: image identification, algorithm, recognition, cutting, reference frame, element correlations, minimum search

The actualization of industrial development in the Far North poses many key tasks to the construction industry. Concreting is one of such tasks, the performance of which is much more difficult during construction at low temperatures. Based on this, it is necessary to design and develop innovative tools to optimize or rationalize work on construction sites in these conditions. The scientific significance of the presented article consists in an attempt to design a software solution that allows au-tomating the calculation of the parameters of the heating wire during winter con-creting. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the presented materials as a basis for the practical implementation of this program.

Keywords: сonstruction, Far North, calculation automation, heating wire, program, algorithm, winter concreting