The transition from scheduled maintenance and repair of equipment to maintenance based on its actual technical state requires the use of new methods of data analysis based on machine learning. Modern data collection systems such as robotic unmanned complexes allow generating large volumes of graphic data in various spectra. The increase in data volume leads to the task of automating their processing and analysis to identify defects in high-voltage equipment. This article analyzes the features of using computer vision algorithms for images of high-voltage equipment of power plants and substations in the infrared spectrum and presents a method for their analysis, which can be used to create intelligent decision support systems in the field of technical diagnostics of equipment. The proposed method uses both deterministic algorithms and machine learning. Classical computer vision algorithms are applied for preliminary data processing in order to highlight significant features, and models based on unsupervised machine learning are applied to recognize graphic images of equipment in a feature space optimized for information space. Image segmentation using a spatial clustering algorithm based on the density distribution of values ​​taking into account outliers allows detecting and grouping image fragments with statistically close distributions of line orientations. Such fragments characterize certain structural elements of the equipment. The article describes an algorithm that implements the proposed method using the example of solving the problem of detecting defects in current transformers, and presents a visualization of its intermediate steps.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The annual growth of the load on data centers increases many times over, which is due to the growing growth of users of the information and telecommunications network Internet. Users access various resources and sources, using search engines and services for this. Installing equipment that processes telecommunications traffic faster requires significant financial costs, and can also significantly increase the downtime of the data center due to possible problems during routine maintenance. It is more expedient to focus resources on improving the software, rather than the hardware of the equipment. The article provides an algorithm that can reduce the load on telecommunications equipment by searching for information within a specific subject area, as well as by using the features of natural language and the process of forming words, sentences and texts in it. It is proposed to analyze the request based on the formation of a prefix tree and clustering, as well as by calculating the probability of the occurrence of the desired word based on the three sigma rule and Zipf's Law.

Keywords: Three Sigma Rule, Zipf's Law, Clusters, Language Analysis, Morphemes, Prefix Tree, Probability Distribution

The article examines the key aspects and recommendations for implementing data protection in distributed data storage systems (DDSS) for small businesses. It explores methods of ensuring information security, including incident monitoring, two-factor authentication, and file encryption. The study includes tests of the fault tolerance of DDSS and the robustness of authentication mechanisms under simulated DOS and brute force attacks using fuzzing techniques. Proposed methods include the integration of platforms for incident monitoring (MISP, Wazuh) and the use of TOTP for two-factor authentication. Additionally, it discusses data encryption mechanisms and access management using JWT.

Keywords: information security, fuzzing, monitoring, WAF, data storage system, data encryption, two-factor authentication, small business, fault tolerance

This article examines the practical aspects of using the Kerberos authentication protocol. It provides a brief historical background and describes the main operational principles and characteristics of the protocol that may lead to vulnerabilities. Exploitation of these vulnerabilities can allow an attacker to maintain a persistent presence in a domain environment. In the course of the study, the potential for an attacker to establish domain persistence is investigated through attacks such as Kerberoasting, brute-forcing hashes, and creating Golden Tickets. These activities are carried out using tools designed for penetration testing. Special attention is devoted to assessing the subsequent negative consequences of unauthorized access to domain resources. The study analyzes methods for detecting attacks, including the development of rules to monitor suspicious activity. The article underscores the importance of promptly identifying real-world threat vectors and reinforcing security measures within domain infrastructures. Discussion of the proposed set of attack vectors helps create a more effective penetration testing plan and strengthen monitoring. In particular, the paper examines the process of obtaining Ticket-Granting Tickets, as well as ways to compromise and further exploit static credentials. It is highlighted that the Key Distribution Center (KDC) is a critical component requiring additional oversight and protection. Practical recommendations are provided on monitoring event logs and configuring Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for timely detection of anomalous activities. Thus, the central idea of this work is to demonstrate the relevance and significance of Kerberos in corporate networks, while highlighting both its strong points and possible risks. The results emphasize the importance of combining an in-depth understanding of Kerberos functionality with practical security measures to preserve system integrity and reduce risks.

Keywords: pinning, authentication protocol, access level, Kerberos, attack detection, attacker, Golden Ticket, Kerberoasting, attack detection, monitoring

The concept of symbiosis of architecture, design objects and monumental and decorative art in the interiors of public buildings in the context of renovation of industrial facilities is aimed at preserving the historical identity of buildings, adapting them to modern functions and creating a unique aesthetic where architectural forms, design solutions and artistic elements form a single whole. Renovation of industrial facilities involves a number of challenges: the need to maintain a balance between history and innovation, the integration of artistic and functional aspects, as well as compliance with environmental standards. The use of recycled materials, hybrid technologies and "smart" interiors makes it possible to cope with these tasks. The concept of three components contributes to the creation of spaces that become cultural and social centers. Such projects inspire, emphasize the value of architectural heritage and open up new perspectives for the sustainable development of the urban environment, contributing to the formation of emotionally rich and functionally significant interiors that reflect the spirit of the times and preserve the connection with the past.

Keywords: renovation, industrial buildings, renovation of industrial buildings, public buildings, sustainable architecture, design, monumental and decorative arts, interiors of public buildings, historical heritage, interdisciplinary approach

The article analyzes modern approaches to the use of innovative materials to create an inclusive environment in residential buildings. The paper examines the main problems associated with the obsolescence of building materials, and offers promising solutions based on the use of adaptive and environmentally friendly technologies that enhance accessibility and comfort.

Keywords: inclusive environment, the problem of outdated materials, innovative materials, innovations, trends and prospects, bioplastics, carbon concrete, OLED panels, adaptive structures, accessibility, comfortable environment, design

The emergence of the city was associated with the need to organize water use, organize irrigation works, create its facilities, which in turn required the management of the organization of these works and the creation of facilities for the exploitation of water in agriculture. Finding an average balance between demand and availability of resources was a priority, especially for areas experiencing water shortages. Then, the reliability of available resources in conditions of drought or shortage became a key issue in order to cope with climate variability. In parallel, climate change will affect the spatial distribution and timing of water availability. As a result, in the future, water shortage in cities may become a much more serious problem, which may jeopardize the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially "Sustainable Cities and Communities". Historically, since settlements were located some distance from water sources, a variety of sources and technologies for collection, transportation, treatment and waste collection emerged. Population growth and technological developments have led to the emergence of new forms of alternative resources capable of meeting the needs and specific requirements of water-related activities.

Keywords: sustainability of water resources, Syrian Arab Republic, rehabilitation, water-sensitive urban planning, building density, land use distribution

The article considers the strengthening of the upper chord of the triangular strut system as a method for restoring the bearing capacity of a glued laminated timber element according to the 1st group of limit states. The strengthening allowed us to obtain as a result of calculations a strength utilization factor not exceeding the limit value.

Keywords: triangular spacer system, upper chord, glued laminated timber element, modulus of elasticity, volumetric weight, compressive force, bending moment

The article discusses the use of carbon anchor harnesses to strengthen building structures. Their design features, installation technologies, and key advantages, including low weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and durability, are described. An overview of existing experiments demonstrating the reliability of anchor harnesses under load, their effectiveness in preventing the stratification of external reinforcement elements and increasing the strength of joints is given. The shortcomings of the regulatory framework and the lack of practical recommendations on the selection and design of anchor harnesses are indicated. The authors emphasize the need for further research to optimize the interaction of the elements of the reinforced structure-external reinforcement-anchor system.

Keywords: anchor harness, carbon fiber, load-bearing capacity, structural reinforcement, teamwork

Determining the deformability of the bearing structures of the coating, as an indicator of the use of the stiffness of the cross-section of the elements, is an urgent task, which is aimed at solving the current work. The purpose of the article is a comparative calculation of frame structures under the assumption of a different coating truss solution. The following types of load-bearing roof trusses should be considered: segment truss, trapezoidal truss, triangular truss. The calculation of frames using wood as load-bearing structures for the total effect of permanent and short-term loads causing maximum vertical deformations is given. In this paper, the coefficients of using the rigidity of truss structures using wood are determined and the dependence of the stiffness value on the type of outline of the coating truss is established. A comparison of the calculation results with the normative maximum permissible values allowed us to establish the most effective type of outline of the wooden roof truss.

Keywords: coating truss, modulus of elasticity, stiffness, upper belt, slant, lower belt, computational study, through-hole construction, segmental truss

Based on statistical data, the article presents a solution to the problem of finding an empirical function that establishes a link between the tourist flow and the proportion of the area of specially protected areas from the total territory of the island. For the analysis, data was collected on 14 islands with a developed tourism industry. Power functions are obtained for two groups of islands with different areas. The obtained dependencies make it possible, at the stage of urban planning analysis of the territory, to determine the permissible value of the tourist flow, which ensures tourist activity based on the principles of sustainable tourism. Using this function, the maximum value of the allowable tourist flow for the island of Socotra has been set, the development of which is focused on the tourism industry.

Keywords: urban development analysis, tourist flow, specially protected natural areas, correlation dependence, approximation, sustainable tourism

The article is devoted to the study of traditional forms and climatic principles in architecture in ‎order to create a stylistic unity between residential and business buildings. The relevance of the ‎topic is due to the need for a harmonious combination of cultural heritage, modern requirements ‎for building functionality and sustainability in the context of global climate change and ‎urbanization.‎ The purpose of the work is to analyze the role of traditional architectural solutions and climatic ‎approaches in designing an energy-efficient and aesthetically attractive urban environment.‎ The research methods include a comparative analysis of historical and modern architectural ‎practices, the study of the influence of climatic conditions on the choice of forms, materials and ‎design solutions, as well as the analysis of implemented projects.‎ The results of the study show that the integration of traditional forms and climatic principles, ‎such as passive design, the use of local materials and modern technologies, contributes to the ‎creation of a sustainable urban environment. The paper emphasizes the importance of taking ‎into account the regional context, the use of natural resources and the introduction of ‎innovative technologies.‎ The conclusions emphasize the need for a synthesis of traditions and innovations for the ‎preservation of cultural heritage and the formation of a harmonious urban environment ‎combining comfort, environmental sustainability and a unique architectural appearance.‎

Keywords: traditional forms, climatic principles, architecture, stylistic unity, residential buildings, ‎business buildings, passive design, cultural heritage, innovative technologies, environmental ‎sustainability

The modern building material, slurry infiltrated fiber concrete - SIFCON, has not only high compressive and tensile strength, but also flexibility and ductility. These properties allow it to be used in nodes of building structures that perceive dynamic, shock, explosive loads, friction, as well as in the area of penetration of reinforced concrete slabs by columns. The paper describes experimental studies of the mechanical properties of samples from ordinary concrete and SIFCON. A comparison of the test results showed the superiority of SIFCON strength indicators over ordinary concrete by 2-4 times. For a wide range of specialists and students in the field of construction design, production of building materials.

Keywords: slurry infiltrated fiber concrete, steel fibers, cement mortar, flexibility, plasticity, energy absorption, water-cement ratio, superplasticizer, compressive strength, bending strength, splitting strength

The use of methods for strengthening soils with Portland cement makes it possible to increase the physical and mechanical properties of soils: strength, frost resistance, water permeability, etc. A technical understanding of the processes of structure formation in reinforced soils makes it possible to regulate the final properties and quality of the layers of highways. To describe the processes of structure formation, it is possible to use the theory of contact interactions and the theory of DLFO. The final properties of the reinforced soil are influenced by the following factors: mineralogy and specific surface area of the soil, water content, amount of cement, curing time and method of compaction.

Keywords: stabilized soils, structure formation of stabilized soils, stabilization with Portland cement, properties of stabilized soils

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of finely ground filler on the properties of slag-alkali binder based on blast furnace slag. An aqueous solution of sodium silicate and caustic soda (aqueous solution of NaOH) was used as a hardening activator with an alkali modulus (weight ratio SiO2/Na2O) equal to 1.0 and 0.5. The results showed that the introduction of Reftinskaya GRES fly ash into the binder instead of ground blast furnace granulated slag causes an increase in the initial setting time, but does not affect the final setting time. No cracking was detected during hardening in mixtures containing fly ash, provided that a complex based on sodium silicate and an aqueous solution of NaOH was used as a hardening activator. The introduction of alkali into the sodium silicate solution helps to reduce the silicate modulus (the mass ratio of SiO2/Na2O) and reduce the formation of shrinkage microcracks due to the formation of a homogeneous structure and the formation of fly ash and the formation of sodium hydroaluminosilicate (H-A-S-N).

Keywords: cement paste, ground granulated slag, fly ash, hardening activator, setting time, shrinkage, microcracks

The subject of the research in the article is the collection system of municipal solid waste (MSW) from the population of cities and towns to ensure the environmental safety of the population. The current state of the waste management system in the world and in Russia is analyzed, and recommendations for regulating the management of solid household waste are being developed. The purpose of the research is to estimate the number of containers needed to collect waste from the public. The assessment was based on regulatory documents developed in the Russian Federation. The basic requirements for the organization of sites for the installation of containers for the collection of MSW are also given. The Russian Federation already has experience in implementing a waste management system. Currently, infrastructure facilities have been created and operate in the territories of many cities of the Russian Federation that organize the collection, disposal or burial of waste. Laws and regulations have been developed and implemented, and a system of regional operators responsible for waste collection, transportation, processing, and storage has been implemented. In this paper, we consider only household waste, called municipal solid waste (MSW).When implementing a waste management system, at the first stage it is necessary to create conditions for waste collection from the population, and, in the future, to develop this system in the direction of separate waste collection. Waste categorization can be carried out at special installations, in production conditions. The next step is the reuse of waste for the production of new household goods.

Keywords: system approach, municipal solid waste (MSW), housing stock, waste collection, container, site, environmental safety

The article shows calculation on the arrangement of the embankment and the design of reinforced concrete casings on metal staves for stairs. The dam boundaries are located on the territory of a residential complex with a large difference in height. The ground base is prosaic. Calculation of transfer of the soil from II type of drilling to I type by tamping method, which will ensure the strength and reliability of the body of the fill. Constructive actions to ensure resilience are described. The metal piles with forced connecting link and reinforced concrete coaxes in the form of a beam system have been designed.

Keywords: a mound, drilling ground, improvement, dense urban development, sediment, density of the ground, collapse prism, sliding radius, the method of ramming, sling

The relevance of the use of gas-filled concrete in construction is reflected. The problems of forming high-quality cellular structures are listed. It is noted that in aerated concrete, these problems are successfully solved by prescription methods, and to obtain high-quality foam concrete, it is necessary to take into account the energy characteristics of the interaction between the dispersed gas phase packed in foam films and the cement-sand slip. The most important factors of controlling the structure of foam concrete mixtures are revealed. It is proposed to consider foam concrete mixtures as a complex hierarchically multilevel system, the properties of which depend in a decisive way on the interaction between water and surfactant molecules. The process of moving surfactant molecules from the volume of the liquid phase to the gas-liquid interface is theoretically considered. The results of experimental studies of the effect of fiber consumption on the kinetics of plastic strength of mixtures, the density of the resulting concretes, and the measure of their loss of the dispersed gas phase during the phase transition from a viscous state to an elastic one are presented. Based on the experimental results and scientific generalizations, a conclusion is formulated about the causes and conditions for the preservation of the dispersed gas phase in the structure of foam concrete mixtures.

Keywords: foam concrete mixture, dispersed gas phase

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the amount of alkaline hardening activator on the geopolymer binder consisting of ground blast furnace slag and fly ash. Ground blast furnace slag with fly ash was activated with sodium silicate (SN) at different contents of alkali solution (A). The results showed that an increase in the alkali activator content (SN:A = 5%:3% → 15%:4%) promotes an increase in the strength of concrete over the entire time interval of monitoring the strength gain. The addition of fly ash affected an increase in the compressive strength of concrete samples from 16 to 18% relative to the compositions without fly ash. Micro cracking is manifested in the compositions of geopolymer concretes without fly ash, activated by a sodium silicate solution at a higher silicate modulus. The reduction of the silicate modulus CH led to less microcrack formation and a more uniform structure, and the introduction of fly ash into the concrete mixture helps to eliminate internal stresses and the formation of microcracks on the surface of concrete samples.

Keywords: by-products, blast furnace slag, alkaline hardening activators, fillers, performance properties, strength, water absorption, development driver

The article deals with thea comparative analysis of frost resistance assessment results obtained from dry building mixes containing redispersible polymer powders and finely dispersed fillers of natural and technogenic origin, building mortars according to such freeze-thaw resistance criteria as change in ultrasound velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive and flexural strength, and adhesion strength to concrete base. The composition of the mixtures is represented by the component ratio C:P:MD = 1:1.3:0.2 at W/C = 0.4. The number of freeze-thaw cycles implemented for the studied compositions, depending on the dosage of redispersible polymer powders, ranged from 100 to 125. Ffreeze-thaw resistance of the studied solutions is not exhausted according to the main standardized criteria. A positive effect of RPP on the freeze-thaw resistance of the contact zone is noted. The most “rigorous” criterion is the flexural strength.

Keywords: dry construction mixture, freeze-thaw resistance, strength, mortar, chemical water treatment sludge, redispersible powders

The colonial period lasted in China from 1840 to 1949. During this time the economy and culture of traditional China underwent significant changes. The influence of European culture was strongly reflected in the architecture of Guangzhou. The compositional solutions of facades and stylistic techniques of residential buildings bear the features of European architecture. The purpose of this article is to analyze the types of residential buildings erected in Guangzhou during the colonial period and to determine their specific features. The following methods were used in the study: • comprehensive field surveys, photo recording and landscape-visual analysis of Guangzhou buildings erected during the colonial period; • historical and urban planning analysis of literary, cartographic and iconographic sources; • study of archival and design materials such as: - analysis of the work of Chinese architects of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, who studied in Europe and the USA, - analysis of the creative methods of European architects who arrived in Guangzhou during the colonial period. At the beginning of the colonial period, due to the rapid development of industry and trade, urban land was in short supply. Therefore, the plots of land acquired for construction had the shape of an elongated rectangle, when a short part of the plot faced the street. Hence the Zhutong commercial and residential buildings emerged, one of the traditional forms of residence in Guangzhou, widespread in the colonial period. The planning scheme of the new type of Guangzhou development - the Chilou houses, which formed long sections of streets with arcades, also arose on the basis of the Zhutong house. Typical examples of colonial architecture, in the layout of which features of a traditional Chinese house appear, although the facades are made in the style of the neo-Renaissance, are the Xiguan mansions and houses in the Shamian concession. Like the Chilou houses, which form pedestrian streets with their galleries, the facades of residential buildings of the colonial period have a completely European appearance, but the planning structure is based on the structure of a traditional Chinese house.

Keywords: Guangzhou, colonial period, European trends, traditional Chinese architecture, volumetric-spatial solutions, housing construction

Based on statistical processing of various archival data on estate construction by rural landowners of the Kazan province, general information on the number of settlements where estates were built was collected, and the main periods of development and dynamics of this phenomenon for the period from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century were identified. As a result of the study, materials were obtained on 438 settlements where landowners' real estate objects were identified. The specified data were summarized in a single table divided into four main periods: from 1557 to 1650 - the beginning of the development period; from 1651 to 1803 - the period of formation of the main territorial groups; from 1804 to 1875 - the period of the most intensive development; from 1876 to 1918 - the period of stabilization and transition to liquidation. These periods made it possible to identify 70 settlements actively involved in estate construction by landowners for more than 200 years.

Keywords: development dynamics, estate construction, landowners, Kazan province, quantitative indicators, periods of existence

The article is devoted to the evolution of the architectural design process in the context of computer technology development. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that modern design requires high accuracy, speed and integration of various aspects such as architectural, engineering and construction solutions. The article examines the key stages of change, ranging from traditional design methods based on manual labor to modern technologies such as computer-aided design (CAD) and information modeling systems for buildings and structures (BIM), which have significantly increased the accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of design processes. processes. Special attention is paid to the introduction of CAD systems that automate the process of creating drawings, and the transition to the concept of Building Information Modeling, which integrates all information about the project into a single digital model, ensuring the collaboration of all participants. The article also analyzes the latest technologies, such as artificial intelligence and architectural visualization, which are beginning to influence the design process, allowing for faster creation and analysis of design solutions. In the future, these technologies are expected to open up new horizons for architectural practice, speeding up and improving the process of building design, construction and operation.

Keywords: architectural design, concept, modeling, three-dimensional space, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, neural networks, drawing, evolution, technologies, building information modeling systems

The use of ash and slag mixtures of thermal power plants in the structures of road coverings of highways makes it possible to significantly increase the volume of their reuse. One of the promising directions is their application in the compositions of stabilized soils. To assess the effectiveness of the use of these materials, such indicators as the cost of construction and the total thickness of the pavement structure are used. According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the reduction in the total thickness of road clothing with layers of ash and slag mixtures of CHP compared with layers of traditional materials was up to 48%, the reduction in the cost of building road clothing structures using ash and slag mixtures is up to 21%.

Keywords: stabilized soils, ash and slag mixtures, road clothing, base of road clothing